NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2

Lesson 1   A private conversation 

【New words and expressions】（12）

private  adj. 私人的

conversation  n. 谈话

theatre  n. 剧场，戏院

seat  n. 座位

play  n. 戏

loudly  adv. 大声地

angry  adj. 生气的

angrily  adv. 生气地

attention  n. 注意

bear  v. 容忍

business  n. 事

rudely  adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地

★private   adj.私人的  

① adj. 私人的

private life  私生活

private school  私立学校

It's my private letter.  （如果妈妈想看你的信） 

It's my private house.  （如果陌生人想进你的房子） 

② adj. 普通的

private citizen  普通公民

I’m a private citizen.   （citizen  n. 公民）

private soldier 大兵

《Private Ryan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》）

public  adj. 公众的，公开的（private的反义词）

public school   公立学校

public letter   公开信    

public place   公共场所

privacy   n.隐私

It’s privacy.   这是我的隐私!(不肯让别人知道的)

★conversation   n.谈话

have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变换词

conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式

subject of conversation   话题

They are having a conversation.

talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 

Let’s have a talk.

dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 

China and Korea are having a dialogue.

chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。

gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短

★theatre   n.剧场, 戏剧

cinema   n.电影院

★seat    n.座位  

have a good seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair. 

take a seat/take your seat  坐下来, 就坐

Is the seat taken?  这个位置有人吗?

请坐的3种说法 : 

Sit down, please.  (命令性)

Take your seat, please.

Be seated, please.  (更礼貌)

作为动词的seat与sit的区别

sit（sat，sitten）  vi. 就座

He is sitting there.   他坐在那儿。

seat  vt.让某人就座 

seat sb.  让某人就坐，后面会加人

Seat yourself.

You seat him.你给他找个位置. 

When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.

A. sit   B. set  C. seated   D. were seated

sit down  坐下；be seated=take a seat  就坐

★angry  adj. 生气的

★angrily  adv. 生气的 

angry =cross   

I was angry. /He was cross.

annoyed: 恼火的; 

be blue in the face  脸上突然变色

程   I was annoyed. 

度   I was angry/cross.

加   I was very angry.

深   I am blue in the face.  (脸色都青了, 相当生气了)

★attention  n. 注意

Attention ,please. 请注意(白话)

pay attention   注意

pay attention to …   对……注意

You must pay attention to that girl.

pay a little attention  稍加注意

pay much attention  多加注意

pay more attention  更多注意

pay no attention   不消注意

pay close attention  特别注意

★bear(bore, born)   v. 容忍

① vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担

Can the ice bear my weight?

Who will bear the cost?   谁来承担这笔费用？

② vt. 忍受（一般与can/could连用于疑问句及否定句中）

She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her.  她吃得太快。我看着受不了。

How can you bear living in this place?   你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？

bear =stand =put up with

I can't bear/stand you.

endure:忍受,容忍

put up with :忍受

I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him

bear/stand/endure  忍受的极限在加大

bear n.熊  white bear 白熊

bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱

give sb. a bear hug

★business  n. 事, 生意

① n. 生意

business man :生意人

do business: 做生意

go to some place on business:因公出差

I went to Tianjin on business.

② n. 某人本身的私人的事情

It's my business. (指私人的事, 本身处理的事) 

It's none of your business.  不关你的事。

★rudely  adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地

rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的

★pay  vt. &vi. 支付

① vt. &vi. 支付（价款等）

Have you paid the taxi-driver?

You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds…   您可以先付30英镑的定金……

I’ll pay by installments.

I paid 50 dollars for this skirt.  （pay…for sth.   花/支付……（钱）买……）

② vt. &vi. 给予（注意等）；去（拜候）

They did not pay any attention.

We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday.   上星期天我们去拜访了老师。

③ n. 工资，报答

I have not received my pay yet.  我还没有领到工资。

【Text】

Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said angrily.

"It's none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!"

参考译文：

上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好, 戏很有意思, 但我却无法欣赏. 一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后, 大声地说着话。我非常生气, 因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女, 他们却毫不理会。最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回过头去, 生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了!” 

“不关你的事, “那男的毫不客气地说, “这是私人间的谈话!” 

【课文讲解】

1、Last week I went to the theatre.

动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。

go to the +地点  表示去某地干嘛

go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去剧场看戏

go to the cinema =see a film  去电影院看电影

go to the dairy  去牛奶店

go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店

go to the doctor's 去看病；go to the butcher's 买肉

以下短语中名词前不加冠词：

go to school 去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(病院) 去看病；go to bed  上床，睡觉；go home（跟home相连必然表示没有事情可做,回家休息）

I am at home.  在家休息

2、I had a very good seat.

seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。

the front seat of a car  汽车的前座

Take a seat, please.   请坐。

3、I did not enjoy it.

enjoy  vt. 欣赏，享受，喜爱

① enjoy +n.  喜欢,从傍边得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）

I enjoy the music.

enjoy the dinner/film/program/game

② enjoy oneself/代词   玩的开心

We always enjoy ourselves. 

③ enjoy +动名词

Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.

4、I got very angry.  

get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。

I am/was angry. 是一个事实

I got angry.  强调变化过程

It is hot.

It got hot.

got取代be动词，got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。

5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round.

hear+人:听见某人的话

I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?

I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your words.

I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.

Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.

turn round =turn around  转身

6、In the end, I could not bear it.

in the end 最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后

  She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.

I could not bear it/you/the noise.

7、I can't hear a word!

I can't hear a word.

美音:必定I can [] 否定,I can't[],它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别, 只能按照上下文来定

hear a word of sb.  （a word 等于一句话）

He didn't say a word.

May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?

8、It's none of your business.

one’s business  指某人（所关心的或份内）的事

It's none of your business./None of your business./It's my business.  不关你的事。

It is my business to look after your health.   我必需照顾你的身体健康。

none相当于not any或no one，但语气较强。

She kept none of his letters.  他的信件她一封也没有保留。

none of 这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：

None of your silly remarks!  别说傻话了！

【Key structures】　

简单陈述句的语序

陈述句必然是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号

   6        1           2         3          4           5          6

when?    Who?       Action     Who?        How?       Where?     When?

         Which?                Which?

         What?                 What? 

1 ---主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必需与主语一致，即主语决定动词的单复数形式

2 ---谓语，由动词充当

3 ---宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语

4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much

5 ---地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前

6 ---时间状语，可以放在句首或句末  

简单陈述句必然不能少的是主语, 谓语. 

如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配  when and where

【Multiple choice questions】

1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily ___b___ .

a. and they stopped talking       b. but they didn't stop talking

c. but they didn't notice him      d. but they looked at him rudely

"They did not pay any attention."  不是没看见，只是思想上没在意

pay attention: 从思想上注意、在意，如交通安全应注意. 

notice: 眼睛上注意(=see 眼睛看)

I notice her.

4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ___d___ them.

a. before   b. above   c. ahead of  d. in front of

behind:     在……后面

in front of  在……前面 (相对静止的概念)

before   在……前面 (后面加词或句子，一般和时间相连)

He arrived before six o'clock.

before he came back

above   在……上面

ahead of   在……前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)

ahead of time

He goes ahead of me.

5 ___c___ did the writer feel? Angry.

a. Where b. Why c. How d. When

特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问

how(adv.)——对一个方式、状态提问，对形容词、副词、介词短语提问

7 The young man and the young woman paid ___d___ attention to the writer.

a. none b. any c. not any  d. no

any ——用在否定句和疑问句中

some——用在必定句中

none——代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人  

None knows./None of us knows.

not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面

not any=no

He didn't pay attention.

no——形容词、修饰名词

I don't have any friends./I have no friends.

I have no time./I don't have any time.

11 The writer could not bear it. He could not ___c___ it.

a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. lift

bear   忍受=stand

suffer  遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer后面必需加一种痛苦

I suffer the headache.（肉体上的痛苦）

He often suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeat   n. 失败）

Lesson 2   Breakfast or lunch? 

【New words and expressions】（5）

until  prep. 直到

outside adv. 外面

ring  v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung）

aunt  n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母

repeat  v. 重复

★until  prep.直到

until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在必定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：

I’ll wait here until 5.   我会在这里比及5点钟。

His father was alive until he came back.    直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的. 

在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：

She cannot arrive until 6.  她到6点才能来。

His father didn't die until he came back.    直到他回来,他爸爸才死. 

until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用必定；没做前面的主句用否定

For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining. 

A. waited           B. didn't wait

A. leave     B. left      C. didn't leave

I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.

I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.

★outside  adv. 外面（作状语）

He is waiting for me outside.

It is cold outside.

★ring(rang. rung)  v.(铃、电话等)响 

① vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)

Every morning the clock rings at 6.

The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当

② vt. 打电话给（美语中用call）

ring sb.   给某人打电话

Tomorrow I'll ring you.

③ n. （打）电话

give sb. a ring

Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.

④ n. 戒指

★aunt   n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)

男性则是uncle: 叔叔  

他们的孩子：cousin  堂兄妹(不分男女)

cousin的孩子：nephew  外甥；niece  外甥女

★repeat  v. 重复

① vt. 重复

Will you repeat the last word?

They are repeating that wonderful paly.

② vi. 重做，重说

Please repeat after me.

Don’t repeat.

【Text】

It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'

'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.

'What are you doing?' she asked.

'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.

'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'

参考译文：

那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片暗淡. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “

   “但我还在吃早饭, “我说. 

“你在干什么?” 她问道. 

“我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍. 

“天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!” 

【课文讲解】

1、It was Sunday.

it指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：

It is a lovely baby.

2、I never get up early on Sundays.

on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。

介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day

当使用last，next，this，that时，介词（以及定冠词）必需省略：

I’ll see you next/this Friday.

never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面必然要加助动词)

I don't like her.=I never like her.

3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.

在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词：

It’s time for bed now.

You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.   你必需再卧床两天。

4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.

just then: 就在那时

如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it取代

Who are you?/Who is it ?

5、I've just arrived by train,

by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on

I go out by bus.

I go out in/on two buses.  （指具体的两辆车介词用in/on）

Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.

如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：

My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

by air  乘飞机by bicycle/bike  骑自行车

by boat乘船by bus  乘公共汽车

by car乘小汽车by land  由陆路

by plane 乘飞机by sea  由海路

by ship乘船by train  乘火车

6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你. 

用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…

7、Dear me!

天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!

美国人说 : My god! [] ([]发啊的音)注意美英的发音不同. 

【Key structures】　

现在进行时和一般现在时

现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now，just，still等副词连用：

I am working as a teacher. "现阶段"

He is still sleeping. （现在还在睡觉）

Jane is just dressing up.  简正在打扮。

一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副词often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等连用。

Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.

频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必需放在always之前，并且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必需出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示必定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。

  I get paid on Friday usually.

  Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.

非实义动词 : 

① 系动词(be)

② 帮手动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)

③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词. 

I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语）

He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学. 

You must come here hungry.空腹来这里. 

【Special Difficulties】 

以what开头的感叹句：

在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。

What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!

What a good girl (she is)! （主、谓可省）

有上下文和必然的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。

What a thing to say!  多么难听的话啊！

What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!

【Multiple choice questions】

5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ___a___ .

a. late  b. lately c. slowly d. hardly

late   晚的

lately =recently 比来的, 近来的. 

How are you going lately? 比来一段时间身体还好吗?

8  He ___a___ out of the window and saw that it was raining.

a. looked b. saw c. remarked d. watched

look   表示看的动作，后面必然要加介词

see    表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语

watch 表示不雅观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语必然是能够活动的东西

look at pictures (对)；watch pictures(错)

11  Breakfast is the first ___d___ of the day.

a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meal

lunch  中餐   food  食物

dinner  正餐 

一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐. 

meal  一顿饭

Lesson 3   Please Send Me a Card 

【New words and expressions】（11）

send  v. 寄，送

postcard  n. 明信片

spoil  v. 使索然无味，损坏

museum  n. 博物馆

public  adj. 公共的

friendly  adj. 友好的

waiter  n. 办事员，招待员

lend  v. 借给

decision  n. 决定

whole  adj. 整个的

single  adj. 唯一的，单一的

★send    v. 寄, 送

send a letter  寄信

send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth.  给某人送（寄）什么东西

send/take children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车 

take flowers to his wife 本身送

send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送

★postcard    n. 明信片

两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音

name card /visiting card   名片

Here is my name card.   (白话常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)

ID card   身份证    （ID  身份）

credit card  信用卡

cash card    现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)

★spoil(spoiled，spoilt)   v. 使索然无味, 损坏

① vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋

The sad news spoiled our weekend.     这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。

The rain spoiled the school sports.   这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。

This spoiled my day.

What you said spoiled me.

His arrival spoiled my holiday.

② vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱

Don’t spoil your children.  不能太惯孩子。

His parents spoiled the boy.

spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱

break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃

damage: 破坏, 程度不必然很重

destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁

以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上的

★museum    n. 博物馆

Palace Museum    故宫

★public    adj. 公共的

① adj. 公共的，公众的，社会的

There is a public library in this town.

I always sit in public gardens on Sundays.

② adj. 公开的，众人皆知的

Their secret meeting was made public 20 years later.   他们的奥秘会晤20年以后才被公开。

public house（酒吧）简称pub 

public place 公共场所

in public   公开的；in private   暗里里的

Let’s have a conversation in private.  让我们暗里谈谈?

Why not have a conversation in public?   为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)

③ n. 公众，群众，大众

The public is/are pleased with his explanation.   公众对他的解释很满意。

The museum is open to the public on Sunday.

★friendly    adj. 友好的

friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way

He is not very friendly to John.

She gave me a friendly greeting.

He always greets me in a friendly way.

以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly

★waiter    n. 办事员, 招待员

waiter(男办事员), waitress(女办事员), 只出现在餐馆里

chief waiter   领班

  I want to see the chief waiter.  我要见你们的领班。

shop assistant    商店里的店员

attendant     n. （其他公共场所的）办事员

★lend    v. 借给 

lend to（借出）：lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth.

  Can you lend me $20 please? I’ll pay/give it back tomorrow.

borrow from（借进）：borrow sth. from sb./borrow sth. （borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.）

  He borrowed my pen yesterday. He hasn’t given me it yet.

★decision    n. 决定

make /take a decision作出决定

It was not easy for me to make/take this decision.

Are you made/taken a decision?

make a big/great decision (big：重大；great：伟大, 更重大)

decide    v. 决定

★whole    adj. 整个的

a whole bottle of milk  一整瓶牛奶

the whole…，the whole day  整天 ，two whole weeks  整整两星期

all th…，all the day (the可省略)  整天

all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词, 前面必然要加the

all of us；all of the students

★single    adj. 唯一的, 单一的

反义词 : double 双倍的

【Text】

Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

参考译文：

明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁. 去年夏天, 我去了意大利. 我参不雅观了博物馆, 还去了公园. 一位好客的办事员教了我几句意大利语, 之后还借给我一本书. 我读了几行, 但一个字也不懂. 我每天都想着明信片的事. 假期过得真快, 可我还没有给我的伴侣们寄过一张明信片. 到了最后一天, 我作出了一项重大决定. 我早早起了床, 买来了37张明信片. 我在房间里关了整整一天. 然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!

【课文讲解】

1、Last summer, I went to Italy.

last：

① adj. 上一个

last summer里的last表示 “上一个” 

② adj. 最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词the

the last day  最后一天  （具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）

2、A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.

Italian[]于Italy[] : 注意重读音的位置不同

teach sb. sth. 教某人做某事

He teaches our English.(错)

He teaches us English.(对)

语言不成数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian

I can speak a little English/a few words of English.

a few可与复数可数名词连用，表示必定，含有some，a small number of（一些，少数几个）的意思。

The police would like to ask him a few questions.   警察要问他一些问题。

3、Everyday I thought about postcards. 

think about/of  考虑, 思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事, think of还可指想到

What do you think of?

What do you think of TV program last night?

What do you think of the weather today? 你觉得天气怎么样?

think over   仔细考虑，反复思考

What’s the weather like today?

cold, chilly（非常非常冷）, freeze

I'll freeze.我要冻僵了

4、I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card!

spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”

spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间

I spend three hours in the sea.

I spend my weekend at my mother's.

I spend three hours in the classroom everyday.

I spend a lot of time in traffic jam.(交通堵塞)

spend还可以表示“花钱”

If we spend all the money, we’ll be poor again.

I can’t spend any more on this car.

【Key structures】　

一般过去时

一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。

Do you ever catch a cold in the winter?

Yes, I caught a cold last winter.

【Special Difficulties】 

直接宾语与间接宾语

双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必需加“to”（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。

give sb. sth./give sth to sb

间接宾语在后面时, 其前必需加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的, 就用to

与to相连的give, take, pass, read, sell, buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owe

take flowers to my wife.

与for相连的  buy, order, make, find

I buy a book for you .

make a cake for you

find sth. for sb.

do sb. a favor 帮某人一个忙

Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me?  帮我一个忙

I do something for you.

Can I order something for you?

Can I buy you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的意思 

【Multiple choice questions】

4  ___a___ him a few words of Italian? The waiter.

a. Who taught      b. Who did teach      c. What did he teach      d. Whom did he teach

人做主语提问——who    对宾语提问——whom

who既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问

如果对主语提问, 则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序

Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian?

5  He was a friendly waiter. He spoke to the writer ___d___ .

a. friend       b. as friends        c. like friends  d. in a friendly way

He spoke to the writer like a friend.

in...way :以...方式

作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好, 用短语in a friendly way

7  He spent the whole day in his room. He was in his room ___c___ day.

a. the hole    b. the all  c. all  d. all of

all (the) day  

all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词all of us；一旦要加名词, 前面必然要加the

all of the friends  all of my friends  all of the students

10  On the last day he made a big decision. It was the ___a___ day of his holiday.

a. final     b. end      c. latest        d. bottom

final——形容词  end——名词/动词  latest——形容词    bottom——名词　

latest   adj. 最新的　

latest news；latest style 新款

11  He made a big decision. He ___b___ .

a. thought about it      b. made up his mind      c. changed his mind      d. made a wish

think about:考虑、思考、想      make up one's mind:下定决心

change one's mind:改变主意      make a wish　: 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿

Lesson 4   An exciting trip 

【New words and expressions】（6） 

exciting  adj. 令人兴奋的

receive  v. 接受，收到

firm  n. 商行，公司

different  adj. 不同的

centre  n. 中心

abroad  adv. 在国外

★exciting    adj. 令人兴奋的

exciting    adj. 令人兴奋的；excited    adj. 兴奋的

-ed: 本身感到 / -ing:令人感到

The news exciting.

exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩

I am excited.

excite    v. 激动（这类动词的宾语必然是人，让后面的人感到……）

The news excited me.

interesting   adj. 令人感到有趣的；interested    adj. 感到有意思的

interesting man

The man is interesting.

interest   v. 对……感兴趣

The book interests me.  那本书让我感到很有趣

★receive    v. 接受, 收到

① vt. 接到，收到，得到

When did you receive that letter?

② vt. 招待，接待

You need a large room if you are going to receive so many guests.

receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主不雅观上接受与否不清楚。

receive/have a letter from sb.

accept  同意接收

This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy, but I didn't accept it.

take则是主动的“拿”、“取”

I received a beautiful pen from my uncle. My brother took it from me yesterday.

take 也可以作收到 

take the exam   接受考试；   take advice  接受建议